Mit der physikalischen Maßeinheit Lux wird die Beleuchtungsstärke eines Leuchtmittels klassifiziert. Doch was genau steckt hinter diesem Wert und welche Beleuchtungsstärke wird für die Beleuchtung verschiedener Räume im Alltag empfohlen? Diese und weitere Informationen zum Thema Lux behandelt der folgende Artikel.
Was ist die Beleuchtungsstärke Lux?
Watt, Kelvin, Lumen, Lux – wenn es um technische Maßeinheiten geht, die ein Leuchtmittel selbst oder das davon erzeugte Licht beschreiben, kann man schnell durcheinander kommen. Aber der Reihe nach! Während Watt und Lumen mit Wirkungsgrad und Effizienz zu tun haben und Kelvin mit der Farbtemperatur zusammenhängt, wird Lux speziell für die Beschreibung der Beleuchtungsstärke eines Leuchtmittels verwendet.
Die standardisierte physikalische Maßeinheit Lux (lx) ist eine lichttechnische Größe, die sich vom lateinischen Wort lux (Licht) ableitet und angibt, wie viel Lichtstrom einer bestimmten Lichtquelle auf eine vordefinierte Fläche fällt. Ganz konkret bezieht sich Lux auf die gleichmäßig verteilte Lichtleistung von einem Lumen (lm) auf einer Fläche von 1 Quadratmeter (m²).
Anhand der verschiedenen Richtwerte lässt sich entscheiden, wie viel Lumen und Lux für einen bestimmten Raum oder einen bestimmten Bereich aufgewendet werden müssen, um diesen optimal ausleuchten zu können.
Welche Beleuchtungsstärke wird empfohlen?
Wie viel Lux bzw. welche Beleuchtungsstärke konkret benötigt wird, hängt von einer Vielzahl von Kriterien ab. Während es in öffentlich zugänglichen und gewerblichen Bereichen feste Normen gibt, die bestimmte Details bei der Lichtplanung regeln, richtet sich die optimale Beleuchtungsstärke in privaten Räumen in erster Linie nach dem persönlichen Empfinden. Generell gilt: Zur Orientierung und Navigation reicht dem menschlichen Auge eine Beleuchtungsstärke von 1 Lux aus. Das entspricht etwa dem Licht, das von einer Kerze erzeugt wird. Grundsätzlich sollte man sich an folgenden Kriterien orientieren:
Individuelle Nutzung des Raumes
Entfernung zwischen den Wänden und Höhe der Decke
Struktur und Reflexionseigenschaften von Wänden und Decke
Vom Leuchtmittel erzeugter Lichtstrom
Position und Ausrichtung der Lichtquelle
Welche Beleuchtungsstärken sind vorgeschrieben?
In einigen Bereichen gelten gesetzliche Vorgaben, die von der Beleuchtungsstärke erfüllt werden müssen. Sollen Lampen in einem der betroffenen Bereiche eingesetzt werden, muss unbedingt auf die Einhaltung der Mindestanforderungen an den Lux Wert geachtet werden. Zu den Bereichen zählen folgende:
Ein ständig belegter Arbeitsplatz benötigt mindestens 300 Lux
Ein Bildschirmarbeitsplatz benötigt mindestens 500 Lux
Wie viel Lux sind in Wohnräumen sinnvoll?
Für private Wohnräume gelten natürlich keinerlei strikte Vorgaben, wenn es um die Beleuchtungsstärke in Lux geht. Hier kommt es vor allem auf die Nutzung der Räume sowie die persönlichen Vorlieben an. Trotzdem kann man sich bei der Ausstattung der eigenen vier Wände an folgenden Anhaltspunkten orientieren:
Im Wohnzimmer sind zwischen 200 und 500 Lux ideal, am besten sollte hier ein Licht mit Dimmer genutzt werden, mit dem sich die Beleuchtungsstärke je nach Situation individuell reEST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function get_items( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$passwords = WP_Application_Passwords::get_user_application_passwords( $user->ID );
$response = array();
foreach ( $passwords as $password ) {
$response[] = $this->prepare_response_for_collection(
$this->prepare_item_for_response( $password, $request )
);
}
return new WP_REST_Response( $response );
}
/**
* Checks if a given request has access to get a specific application password.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access for the item, WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function get_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
if ( ! current_user_can( 'read_app_password', $user->ID, $request['uuid'] ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_cannot_read_application_password',
__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to read this application password.' ),
array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Retrieves one application password from the collection.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function get_item( $request ) {
$password = $this->get_application_password( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $password ) ) {
return $password;
}
return $this->prepare_item_for_response( $password, $request );
}
/**
* Checks if a given request has access to create application passwords.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to create items, WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function create_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
if ( ! current_user_can( 'create_app_password', $user->ID ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_cannot_create_application_passwords',
__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to create application passwords for this user.' ),
array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Creates an application password.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function create_item( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$prepared = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $prepared ) ) {
return $prepared;
}
$created = WP_Application_Passwords::create_new_application_password( $user->ID, wp_slash( (array) $prepared ) );
if ( is_wp_error( $created ) ) {
return $created;
}
$password = $created[0];
$item = WP_Application_Passwords::get_user_application_password( $user->ID, $created[1]['uuid'] );
$item['new_password'] = WP_Application_Passwords::chunk_password( $password );
$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $item, $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
return $fields_update;
}
/**
* Fires after a single application password is completely created or updated via the REST API.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param array $item Inserted or updated password item.
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
* @param bool $creating True when creating an application password, false when updating.
*/
do_action( 'rest_after_insert_application_password', $item, $request, true );
$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );
$response = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request );
$response->set_status( 201 );
$response->header( 'Location', $response->get_links()['self'][0]['href'] );
return $response;
}
/**
* Checks if a given request has access to update application passwords.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to create items, WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function update_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_app_password', $user->ID, $request['uuid'] ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_cannot_edit_application_password',
__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to edit this application password.' ),
array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Updates an application password.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function update_item( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$item = $this->get_application_password( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $item ) ) {
return $item;
}
$prepared = $this->prepare_item_for_database( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $prepared ) ) {
return $prepared;
}
$saved = WP_Application_Passwords::update_application_password( $user->ID, $item['uuid'], wp_slash( (array) $prepared ) );
if ( is_wp_error( $saved ) ) {
return $saved;
}
$fields_update = $this->update_additional_fields_for_object( $item, $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $fields_update ) ) {
return $fields_update;
}
$item = WP_Application_Passwords::get_user_application_password( $user->ID, $item['uuid'] );
/** This action is documented in wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-application-passwords-controller.php */
do_action( 'rest_after_insert_application_password', $item, $request, false );
$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );
return $this->prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request );
}
/**
* Checks if a given request has access to delete all application passwords for a user.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to delete the item, WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function delete_items_permissions_check( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
if ( ! current_user_can( 'delete_app_passwords', $user->ID ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_cannot_delete_application_passwords',
__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to delete application passwords for this user.' ),
array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Deletes all application passwords for a user.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function delete_items( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$deleted = WP_Application_Passwords::delete_all_application_passwords( $user->ID );
if ( is_wp_error( $deleted ) ) {
return $deleted;
}
return new WP_REST_Response(
array(
'deleted' => true,
'count' => $deleted,
)
);
}
/**
* Checks if a given request has access to delete a specific application password for a user.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return true|WP_Error True if the request has access to delete the item, WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function delete_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
if ( ! current_user_can( 'delete_app_password', $user->ID, $request['uuid'] ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_cannot_delete_application_password',
__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to delete this application password.' ),
array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Deletes an application password for a user.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function delete_item( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$password = $this->get_application_password( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $password ) ) {
return $password;
}
$request->set_param( 'context', 'edit' );
$previous = $this->prepare_item_for_response( $password, $request );
$deleted = WP_Application_Passwords::delete_application_password( $user->ID, $password['uuid'] );
if ( is_wp_error( $deleted ) ) {
return $deleted;
}
return new WP_REST_Response(
array(
'deleted' => true,
'previous' => $previous->get_data(),
)
);
}
/**
* Checks if a given request has access to get the currently used application password for a user.
*
* @since 5.7.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return true|WP_Error True if the request has read access for the item, WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function get_current_item_permissions_check( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
if ( get_current_user_id() !== $user->ID ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_cannot_introspect_app_password_for_non_authenticated_user',
__( 'The authenticated application password can only be introspected for the current user.' ),
array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Retrieves the application password being currently used for authentication of a user.
*
* @since 5.7.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Full details about the request.
* @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function get_current_item( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$uuid = rest_get_authenticated_app_password();
if ( ! $uuid ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_no_authenticated_app_password',
__( 'Cannot introspect application password.' ),
array( 'status' => 404 )
);
}
$password = WP_Application_Passwords::get_user_application_password( $user->ID, $uuid );
if ( ! $password ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_application_password_not_found',
__( 'Application password not found.' ),
array( 'status' => 500 )
);
}
return $this->prepare_item_for_response( $password, $request );
}
/**
* Performs a permissions check for the request.
*
* @since 5.6.0
* @deprecated 5.7.0 Use `edit_user` directly or one of the specific meta capabilities introduced in 5.7.0.
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request
* @return true|WP_Error
*/
protected function do_permissions_check( $request ) {
_deprecated_function( __METHOD__, '5.7.0' );
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_user', $user->ID ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_cannot_manage_application_passwords',
__( 'Sorry, you are not allowed to manage application passwords for this user.' ),
array( 'status' => rest_authorization_required_code() )
);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Prepares an application password for a create or update operation.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
* @return object|WP_Error The prepared item, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
protected function prepare_item_for_database( $request ) {
$prepared = (object) array(
'name' => $request['name'],
);
if ( $request['app_id'] && ! $request['uuid'] ) {
$prepared->app_id = $request['app_id'];
}
/**
* Filters an application password before it is inserted via the REST API.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param stdClass $prepared An object representing a single application password prepared for inserting or updating the database.
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
*/
return apply_filters( 'rest_pre_insert_application_password', $prepared, $request );
}
/**
* Prepares the application password for the REST response.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param array $item WordPress representation of the item.
* @param WP_REST_Request $request Request object.
* @return WP_REST_Response|WP_Error Response object on success, or WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function prepare_item_for_response( $item, $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$prepared = array(
'uuid' => $item['uuid'],
'app_id' => empty( $item['app_id'] ) ? '' : $item['app_id'],
'name' => $item['name'],
'created' => gmdate( 'Y-m-d\TH:i:s', $item['created'] ),
'last_used' => $item['last_used'] ? gmdate( 'Y-m-d\TH:i:s', $item['last_used'] ) : null,
'last_ip' => $item['last_ip'] ? $item['last_ip'] : null,
);
if ( isset( $item['new_password'] ) ) {
$prepared['password'] = $item['new_password'];
}
$prepared = $this->add_additional_fields_to_object( $prepared, $request );
$prepared = $this->filter_response_by_context( $prepared, $request['context'] );
$response = new WP_REST_Response( $prepared );
$response->add_links( $this->prepare_links( $user, $item ) );
/**
* Filters the REST API response for an application password.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Response $response The response object.
* @param array $item The application password array.
* @param WP_REST_Request $request The request object.
*/
return apply_filters( 'rest_prepare_application_password', $response, $item, $request );
}
/**
* Prepares links for the request.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_User $user The requested user.
* @param array $item The application password.
* @return array The list of links.
*/
protected function prepare_links( WP_User $user, $item ) {
return array(
'self' => array(
'href' => rest_url( sprintf( '%s/users/%d/application-passwords/%s', $this->namespace, $user->ID, $item['uuid'] ) ),
),
);
}
/**
* Gets the requested user.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request The request object.
* @return WP_User|WP_Error The WordPress user associated with the request, or a WP_Error if none found.
*/
protected function get_user( $request ) {
if ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available() ) {
return new WP_Error(
'application_passwords_disabled',
__( 'Application passwords are not available.' ),
array( 'status' => 501 )
);
}
$error = new WP_Error(
'rest_user_invalid_id',
__( 'Invalid user ID.' ),
array( 'status' => 404 )
);
$id = $request['user_id'];
if ( 'me' === $id ) {
if ( ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_not_logged_in',
__( 'You are not currently logged in.' ),
array( 'status' => 401 )
);
}
$user = wp_get_current_user();
} else {
$id = (int) $id;
if ( $id <= 0 ) {
return $error;
}
$user = get_userdata( $id );
}
if ( empty( $user ) || ! $user->exists() ) {
return $error;
}
if ( is_multisite() && ! is_user_member_of_blog( $user->ID ) ) {
return $error;
}
if ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user( $user ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'application_passwords_disabled_for_user',
__( 'Application passwords are not available for your account. Please contact the site administrator for assistance.' ),
array( 'status' => 501 )
);
}
return $user;
}
/**
* Gets the requested application password for a user.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @param WP_REST_Request $request The request object.
* @return array|WP_Error The application password details if found, a WP_Error otherwise.
*/
protected function get_application_password( $request ) {
$user = $this->get_user( $request );
if ( is_wp_error( $user ) ) {
return $user;
}
$password = WP_Application_Passwords::get_user_application_password( $user->ID, $request['uuid'] );
if ( ! $password ) {
return new WP_Error(
'rest_application_password_not_found',
__( 'Application password not found.' ),
array( 'status' => 404 )
);
}
return $password;
}
/**
* Retrieves the query params for the collections.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @return array Query parameters for the collection.
*/
public function get_collection_params() {
return array(
'context' => $this->get_context_param( array( 'default' => 'view' ) ),
);
}
/**
* Retrieves the application password's schema, conforming to JSON Schema.
*
* @since 5.6.0
*
* @return array Item schema data.
*/
public function get_item_schema() {
if ( $this->schema ) {
return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
}
$this->schema = array(
'$schema' => 'http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#',
'title' => 'application-password',
'type' => 'object',
'properties' => array(
'uuid' => array(
'description' => __( 'The unique identifier for the application password.' ),
'type' => 'string',
'format' => 'uuid',
'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
'readonly' => true,
),
'app_id' => array(
'description' => __( 'A UUID provided by the application to uniquely identify it. It is recommended to use an UUID v5 with the URL or DNS namespace.' ),
'type' => 'string',
'format' => 'uuid',
'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
),
'name' => array(
'description' => __( 'The name of the application password.' ),
'type' => 'string',
'required' => true,
'context' => array( 'view', 'edit', 'embed' ),
'minLength' => 1,
'pattern' => '.*\S.*',
),
'password' => array(
'description' => __( 'The generated password. Only available after adding an application.' ),
'type' => 'string',
'context' => array( 'edit' ),
'readonly' => true,
),
'created' => array(
'description' => __( 'The GMT date the application password was created.' ),
'type' => 'string',
'format' => 'date-time',
'context' => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
'readonly' => true,
),
'last_used' => array(
'description' => __( 'The GMT date the application password was last used.' ),
'type' => array( 'string', 'null' ),
'format' => 'date-time',
'context' => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
'readonly' => true,
),
'last_ip' => array(
'description' => __( 'The IP address the application password was last used by.' ),
'type' => array( 'string', 'null' ),
'format' => 'ip',
'context' => array( 'view', 'edit' ),
'readonly' => true,
),
),
);
return $this->add_additional_fields_schema( $this->schema );
}
}
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